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It is a member of the starling family (Sturnidae), resident in hill regions of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The Sri Lanka Hill Myna, a former subspecies of G. religiosa, is generally accepted as a separate species G. ptilogenys nowadays.

Range: Originally from Enggano Island, west of southern tip of Sumatra ID: Approx. length 10 1/2 inches. The feathers on the sides of forehead are larger and directed upwards to form tufts at the base of the upper mandible. Also has a shorter stubbier bill. Although the Hill myna doesn't have an original song, it is one of the most famous songbird mimics. Its ability to mimic human speech, bird calls, and a wide variety of other sounds has made this bird more demanded than the parrot (Orenstein, 1997). This demand has led to the creation of industries that harvest and prepare juveniles for the pet trade. Bertram, Brian (1970). "The Vocal Behaviour of the Indian Hill Mynah, Gracula religiosa". Animal Behaviour Monographs. 3: 79. doi: 10.1016/S0066-1856(70)80003-6. The specific name religiosa probably results from the old practice, in Bengal particularly, of teaching captive Hill Mynahs to utter short prayers. Due to their large exploitation for trade, the Hill myna population has declined. Forest destruction and habitat loss further this rate to a possible level of concern. Currently however, little is being done to conserve this species.

Beo Papua – beo yang asalnya dari Papua biasanya dijual dengan harga tinggi, yakni mencapai Rp 2,5 juta untuk burung usia 10 bulan This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern. Klingholz, F. (1979). "Supplement to How does a mynah bird imitate human speech?[J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 822–832 (1974)]". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America (ASA). 65 (2): 537. doi: 10.1121/1.382314. ISSN 0001-4966. Common or Tenggara Hill Myna [excl. enganensis, robusta] ( Gracula [religiosa or venerata, excl. enganensis, robusta])

BirdLife International (2018). " Gracula religiosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T103878755A135865132. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103878755A135865132.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021. Hill Mynahs are found (not surprisingly!) on hills between 300 and 2000m high or at sea level (Feare, 1999). Birds prefer areas where rainfall and humidity are both high, therefore inhabiting most of the jungles, evergreen and wet deciduous forests in its range. In north eastern India, the HIll myna used to be caught for food. In fact, curried myna was a favorite among the people there (Feare, 1999). French: Mainate religieux, Mainate religieux, M. de Sumbawa ou M. indien, Mainate religieux, M. indien, M. de Nias ou M. d'EngganoMete A. (2003). "Iron metabolism in mynah birds ( Gracula religiosa) resembles human hereditary haemochromatosis" Avian Pathology 32(#6): 625–632. Otak burung beo memiliki inti yang bisa mengatur serta mengolah kemampuan vokalnya secara lebih baik. Jika dibandingkan dengan burung kicau lainnya, struktur otak beo jauh lebih unik dan kompleks. 2. Jaringan Cincin Luar Otak In the Southern Hill Myna, the wattles are separate and curve towards the top of the head. The Indonesian populations which are treated as distinct by many authors differ in size, particularly that of the bill.

Common Hill Myna aka Java Hill Myna – Nominate Species (Gracula religiosa religiosa) ( Southern Race) elitparrots.ru (2008). Священная майна ( Gracula religiosa) ["Hill Myna ( G. religiosa)"]. Version of 2008-JAN-22. Retrieved 2009-MAY-22. [in Russian] Meskipun jarang ada di Indonesia, potensinya untuk dikembangbiakkan di Indonesia masih sangat terbuka. 4. Beo Enggano The Hill myna is generally an arboreal frugivore, but also includes nectar, insects, and lizards in its diet. Figs are eaten most frequently, followed by berries and seeds from a variety of trees and shrubs. Most of the insects eaten are gleaned from trees, but it has been known to catch winged termites in the air (Feare, 1999). Economic Importance for Humans: Positive

This passerine is typically found in forest and cultivation. The Sri Lanka myna builds a nest in a hole. The normal clutch is two eggs.

Feare, Chris; Craig, Adrian (1999). Starlings and Mynas. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-3961-X.The French word for the bird mainate is probably derived from the Indo-Portuguese mainato, from the name of a songbird living near water, and is probably a metaphor since it refers to a man whose job is to wash the clothes of others. [2] Description [ edit ] G. r. intermedia Hay, 1845 – northwestern Indochina and adjacent northeastern India and southern China Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds: with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p.39.