The Crystal Year: Crystal Wisdom Through the Seasons

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a b "British Paramount News: Crystal Palace Fire". newsfilm online. 30 October 1936. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Film of the fire that completely destroyed the Crystal Palace. Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference At Chatsworth, he had experimented extensively with glasshouse construction, developing many novel techniques for modular construction, using combinations of standard-sized sheets of glass, laminated wood, and prefabricated cast iron. The "Great Stove" (or conservatory) at Chatsworth (built in 1836) was the first major application of his ridge-and-furrow roof design and was at the time the largest glass building in the world, covering around 28,000 square feet (2,600m 2). [12] a b Eller, Claudia (April 21, 2008). "Ford, Lucas, Spielberg on risky quest for treasure". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008 . Retrieved April 21, 2008. The 60,000 panes of glass were manufactured by the Chance Brothers. [3] The 990,000 square foot building with its 128 foot high ceiling was completed in thirty-nine weeks. The Crystal Palace boasted the greatest area of glass ever seen in a building. It astonished visitors with its clear walls and ceilings that did not require interior lights.

Extra! Extra! Dancing Russian spills beans on Indy secrets". The Guardian. London. September 30, 2007. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007 . Retrieved September 29, 2007. The film's depiction of Peru also received criticism from the Peruvian and Mexican public, as it jumbles elements of Precolumbian cultures from those countries (like references to Maya that never lived in Perù). [131] [132] Audience reception and legacy [ edit ]

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The last major components to be put into place were the 16 semi-circular ribs of the vaulted transept, which were the only major structural parts that were made of wood. These were raised into position as eight pairs, and all were fixed into place within a week. Thanks to the simplicity of Paxton's design and the combined efficiency of the building contractor and their suppliers, the entire structure was assembled with extraordinary speed: a team of 80 men could fix more than 18,000 panes of sheet glass in a week, [20] and the building was completed and ready to receive exhibits in just five months. [11] Walford, Edward. "Old and New London: Volume 6 Sydenham, Norwood and Streatham". British History Online. Sydenham, Norwood and Streatham . Retrieved 18 February 2023. War's Worst Raid". Time. 28 April 1941. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008 . Retrieved 29 May 2008. Paxton's modular, hierarchical design reflected his practical brilliance as a designer and problem-solver. It incorporated many breakthroughs, offered practical advantages that no conventional building could match and, above all, embodied the spirit of British innovation and industrial might that the Great Exhibition was intended to celebrate.

Full-size elm trees growing in the park were enclosed within the central exhibition hall near the 27-foot (8m) tall Crystal Fountain. However this caused a problem with sparrows becoming a nuisance, and shooting was out of the question inside a glass building. Queen Victoria mentioned this problem to the Duke of Wellington, who offered the solution, " Sparrowhawks, Ma'am". Schoenefeldt, Henrik. "Creating the right internal climate for the Crystal Palace." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Engineering History and Heritage 165#3 (2012): 197-207 online. In 2020 the base and foundation of the south tower were given historic status. [77] They are located near the Crystal Palace Museum on Anerley Hill, which is dedicated to the history of the building. [78] Future [ edit ] Braga, Ariane Varela. "How to Visit the Alhambra and be Home in Time for Tea: Owen Jones’s Alhambra Court in the Crystal Palace of Sydenham." in A Fashionable Style: Carl von Diebitsch und das maurische Revival (2017) pp: 71-84 online [ dead link].a b "Earl of Plymouth's Genrosity". The Cambria Daily Leader. 17 April 1888 . Retrieved 15 January 2021. In a 2000 interview, Spielberg said that his children constantly asked when he would make the next Indiana Jones film, and that the project would soon be revived. [46] The same year, Ford, Lucas, Spielberg, Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy met during the American Film Institute's tribute to Ford, and decided they wanted to enjoy the experience of making an Indiana Jones film again. Spielberg also found returning to the series a respite from his many dark films during this period, such as A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), Minority Report (2002), and Munich (2005). [18] Lucas convinced Spielberg to use aliens in the plot by saying they were not "extraterrestrials", but " interdimensional", with this concept taking inspiration in the superstring theory. [27] Spielberg and Lucas discussed the central idea of a B-movie involving aliens, and Lucas suggested using the crystal skulls to ground the idea. Lucas found those artifacts as fascinating as the Ark of the Covenant, [47] and had intended to feature them for a Young Indiana Jones episode before the show's cancellation. [16] M. Night Shyamalan was hired to write for an intended 2002 shoot, [46] but he was overwhelmed writing a sequel to a film he loved like Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), and claimed it was difficult to get Ford, Spielberg and Lucas to focus. [48] Stephen Gaghan and Tom Stoppard were also approached. [46] Paxton's ridge-and-furrow roof was designed to shed water very effectively. Rain ran off the angled glass roof panes into U-shaped timber [19] channels which ran the length of each roof section at the bottom of the 'furrow'. These channels were ingeniously multifunctional. During construction, they served as the rails that supported and guided the trolleys on which the glaziers sat as they installed the roofing. Once completed, the channels acted both as the joists that supported the roof sections, and as guttering—a patented design now widely known as a "Paxton gutter".