The Football Encyclopedia

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A daily recap of top performers, scores and statistical highlights, straight to your inbox! 2023 Advanced Stats a b "Camp and His Followers: American Football 1876–1889" (PDF). The Journey to Camp: The Origins of American Football to 1889. Professional Football Researchers Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2010 . Retrieved 26 January 2010. American football is played on a grassy, rectangular field. The field is 120 yards (110 meters) long and 160 feet (49 meters) wide. White lines called end lines and sidelines mark the edges of the field. In Europe, early footballs were made out of animal bladders, more specifically pig's bladders, which were inflated. Later leather coverings were introduced to allow the balls to keep their shape. [81] However, in 1851, Richard Lindon and William Gilbert, both shoemakers from the town of Rugby (near the school), exhibited both round and oval-shaped balls at the Great Exhibition in London. Richard Lindon's wife is said to have died of lung disease caused by blowing up pig's bladders. [a] Lindon also won medals for the invention of the "Rubber inflatable Bladder" and the "Brass Hand Pump".

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Hibbins, Gillian; Mancini, Anne (1987). Running with the Ball: Football's Foster Father. Lynedoch Publications. pp.118–119. ISBN 978-0-7316-0481-4. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023 . Retrieved 23 July 2018.The modern rules of many football codes were formulated during the mid- or late- 19th century. This also applies to other sports such as lawn bowls, lawn tennis, etc. The major impetus for this was the patenting of the world's first lawnmower in 1830. This allowed for the preparation of modern ovals, playing fields, pitches, grass courts, etc. [61] Kirkland, Alex (30 January 2021). "Lionel Messi's leaked Barcelona contract the biggest in sports history – report". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021 . Retrieved 31 January 2021. This is a record of all top level collegiate football games since the first one was played in 1869. The data included is only that of what is now known as the FBS division, formally known as Division I-A. This is not an official NCAA record and includes games that would have been forfeited under NCAA rules. worldrugby.org. "IRFB Formed". world.rugby. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021 . Retrieved 7 November 2019. Derek Birley (Sport and The Making of Britain). 1993. Manchester University Press. p. 32. 978-0719037597

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A more detailed description of football is given in Francis Willughby's Book of Games, written in about 1660. [55] Willughby, who had studied at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School, Sutton Coldfield, is the first to describe goals and a distinct playing field: "a close that has a gate at either end. The gates are called Goals." His book includes a diagram illustrating a football field. He also mentions tactics ("leaving some of their best players to guard the goal"); scoring ("they that can strike the ball through their opponents' goal first win") and the way teams were selected ("the players being equally divided according to their strength and nimbleness"). He is the first to describe a "law" of football: "they must not strike [an opponent's leg] higher than the ball". [56] [57] Allaway, Roger (2001). "Were the Oneidas playing soccer or not?". The USA Soccer History Archives. Dave Litterer. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007 . Retrieved 15 May 2007. Watterson, John (2001). "Tiny Maxwell and the Crisis of 1905: The Making of a Gridiron Myth" (PDF). College Football Historical Society: 54–57. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2010. As American as Mom, Apple Pie and Football?". Harris Interactive. 16 January 2014. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014 . Retrieved 27 April 2014.Canadian football – called simply "football" in Canada; "football" in Canada can mean either Canadian or American football depending on context. All of the variants listed for American football are also attested for Canadian football. Some historians support the theory that the primary influence was rugby football and other games emanating from English public schools. On the other hand, there are also historians who support the theory that Australian rules football and Gaelic Football have some common origins. See Origins of Australian rules football. Rugby football split into Rugby union, Rugby league, American football, and Canadian football. Tom Wills played Rugby football in England before founding Australian rules football. Giossos, Yiannis; Sotiropoulos, Aristomenis; Souglis, Athanasios; Dafopoulou, Georgia (1 January 2011). "Reconsidering on the Early Types of Football" (PDF). Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. 3 (2). doi: 10.2478/v10131-011-0013-5. S2CID 55758320. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2018 . Retrieved 6 July 2018. See also: Origins of Australian rules football Tom Wills, major figure in the creation of Australian football

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Rugby Football History". rugbyfootballhistory.com. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018 . Retrieved 7 November 2019. Australia's association football governing body changed its name in 2005 from using "soccer" to "football". [130] The History of Football". The History of Sports. Saperecom. 2007. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007 . Retrieved 15 May 2007. Two teams usually have between 11 and 18 players; some variations that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular. Because football is a rough game, players wear equipment to protect themselves. They wear padding on their shoulders, hips, thighs, and knees. They also wear a mouth guard and a helmet with a face mask.Australian rules football has the highest spectator attendance of all sports in Australia. [145] [146] Similarly, Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance, [147] and the All-Ireland Football Final is the most watched event of that nation's sporting year. [148]