Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

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Anderson, F.M. (1904). The constitutions and other select documents illustrative of the history of France, 1789–1901. The H. W. Wilson company. Elting, John R (1988). Swords Around a Throne: Napoleon's Grande Armée. New York: Da Capo Press Inc. ISBN 0-306-80757-2.

This was especially true in the army, where the tricolour military banner was defended at all costs from the capture of the enemy. An episode that occurred on 16 January 1801, during the second Cisalpine Republic [78] was significant in that the Napoleonic officer Teodoro Lechi, in a clash with the Austrians in Trento during which a bridge over the Adige river was disputed, decided to burn the tricolour flags of the military unit to prevent them from falling into the hands of the enemy before surrendering. [76] The national flags of the Italian Republic and of the Kingdom of Italy [ edit ] Flag of the Italian Republic (1802-1805) WAR FLAGS by Tom Gregg features selections from the authors extensive collection of GIF format flag images.Lefebvre, Georges (1969). Napoleon; from Tilsit to Waterloo, 1807–1815. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231033138. Originally the colours of the flag of the Cisalpine Republic were arranged horizontally, with green at the top, [65] but on 11 May 1798, the Grand Council of the newborn State chose, as the national banner, an Italian tricolour with the colours arranged vertically: [27] [66] [67] Thierry, Lentz. "The Proclamation of Empire by the Sénat Conservateur". napoleon.org. Fondation Napoléon . Retrieved 15 August 2014. texte, France Auteur du (23 January 1804). "Bulletin des lois de la République française". Gallica.

The Lombard Legion was therefore the first Italian military unit to have a tricolour war flag as a banner. [18] According to the most authoritative sources, the choice made by the members of the Lombard Legion to replace the blue of the French flag with green is also linked to the colour of the uniforms of the Milanese city militia, whose members, since 1782, wore a uniform of this shade, that is a green outfit with red and white gorget patches. This is the reason, in the Milanese dialect, the members of this municipal guard were popularly called remolazzit, or "small radishes", recalling the luxuriant green leaves of this vegetable. [23] To create satellite states, Napoleon installed his relatives as rulers of many European states. The Bonapartes began to marry into old European monarchies, gaining sovereignty over many states. Older brother Joseph Bonaparte replaced the dispossessed Bourbons in Naples; younger brother Louis Bonaparte was installed on the throne of the Kingdom of Holland, formed from the Batavian Republic; brother-in-law Marshal Joachim Murat became Grand-Duke of Berg; youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte was made son-in-law to the King of Württemberg and King of Westphalia; adopted son Eugène de Beauharnais was appointed Viceroy of Italy; and adopted daughter and second cousin Stéphanie de Beauharnais married Karl (Charles), the son of the Grand Duke of Baden. In addition to the vassal titles, Napoleon's closest relatives were also granted the title of French Prince and formed the Imperial House of France.

USING THE PRINTED FLAGS

a b Lyons, Martyn (1994). Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution. Bloomsbury Publishing. p.232. ISBN 978-1349234363– via Google Books. (paper ISBN 978-0333572917) The Pope was forcibly deported to Savona, and his domains were incorporated into the French Empire. The Senate's decision on 17 February 1810 created the title "King of Rome", and made Rome the capital of Italy. Between 1810 and 1812 Napoleon's divorce of Joséphine, and his marriage with Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, followed by the birth of his son, shed light upon his future policy. He gradually withdrew power from his siblings and concentrated his affection and ambition on his son, the guarantee of the continuance of his dynasty, marking the high point of the Empire. A great source of historical and wargaming information. Contains a free set of Napoleonic, WW2 and WW1 miniatures rules.