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Hutado, Larry (2006). "The staurogram in early Christian manuscripts: the earliest visual reference to the crucified Jesus?". In Kraus, Thomas (ed.). New Testament Manuscripts. Leiden: Brill. pp. 207–26. hdl: 1842/1204. ISBN 978-90-04-14945-8.
One possibility is that high cross designs originated in Britain, maybe Scotland and that traveling missionaries brought the design idea to Ireland. This is one of many variations of Ethiopian crosses and Eritrean crosses generally made up of latticework, used by Ethiopian Christians and Eritrean Christians. Used on Ordnance Survey maps to represent churches and chapels. A cross on a filled square represents a church with a tower; and a cross on a filled circle represents a church with a spire. Churches without towers or spires are represented by plain Greek crosses. These symbols also now refer to non-Christian places of worship, and the cross on a filled circle also represents a place of worship with a minaret or dome. [11] Sometimes associated with Saint George, the military saint, often depicted as a crusader from the Late Middle Ages, the cross has appeared on many flags, emblems, standards, and coats of arms. Its first documented use was as the ensign of the Republic of Genoa, whereafter it was used successively by the crusaders. Notable uses are on the Flag of England and the Georgian flag.
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This is likely to have led to patronages from wealthy individuals, who in some cases were responsible for commissioning several high crosses. A cross with four arms of equal length which widen to a hammer shape at the outside ends. Each arm has a triangular panel inscribed in a triquetra (three-cornered knot) pattern. There is a small square panel in the center of the cross. A symbol of the Anglican and Episcopal Churches. The Market Cross, thought to date to have been constructed around the same time as the Muiredach’s Cross and possibly by the same stonemasons, is the most famous of these crosses.
This new Coptic Cross is the cross currently used by the Coptic Catholic Church and the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. It evolved from the older Coptic Crosses depicted above. A gallery of Coptic Crosses can be found here. An artifact consisting of a golden orb (representing the world) surmounted by a cross, used in Imperial imagery since the Late Roman Empire. The globus cruciger made its way into the Imperial regalia of the Byzantine Empire, and was later adopted by the Papacy, Holy Roman Empire, and many other countries of the Late Medieval and Early Modern era to signify Imperial authority over Christendom. A cross with three bars near the top. The bars are of unequal length, each one shorter than the one below.Seven Catherines have been granted sainthood. This cross is composed of wagon wheels and is attributed to (at least) three saints: Saint Catherine of Alexandria, Saint Jarlath and Saint Quentin. A cross featuring a ring or nimbus. This type has several variants, including the cruciform halo and the Celtic cross. [5] A cruciform halo is used to represent the persons of the Holy Trinity, especially Jesus, and it was used especially in medieval art. One of the most identifiable features of high crosses is the extensive use of carved panels depicting the scriptures using Celtic art imagery and patterns to decorate the entire surface of the cross. At some point in the past, the North Cross (ca. 3.1 m or 10 ft) lost one of the connecting ring sections and so the ring is no longer complete. The South Cross is slightly larger at 3.9 meters (12.7 ft).
The 11th century appears to have been a relatively quiet time for high cross production, before a resurgence in high cross production in the early 12th century. A Greek cross with four Cyrillic S's (C) in each of its angles, inspired by the imperial motto of the Palaiologos dynasty, but with the meaning of " Only unity saves the Serbs" ( Само Слога Србина Спасава), generally attributed to Serbian patron saint, St. Sava. A national symbol of Serbia and symbol of the Serbian Orthodox Church.Although all high crosses differ slightly in their design, the main sections can be identified by four characteristic sections. Base Stone A Latin cross with the crossing point, starting initially as wide permanent and widening only at its end to the outside arms. It is not to be confused with the Maltese cross, also known as the St. John's cross. In heraldry, it is a common figure in coat of arms. Another exceptionally fine example of a high cross from the late 8th century is Kildalton Cross located on the Scottish Isle of Islay. High crosses frequently contain a ring (or nimbus), which circles around the four arms towards the top of the cross. Their massive size and elaborate carvings of high crosses are hard to miss in the many ruined monasteries across the country.
A T-shaped cross. Also called the Saint Anthony's cross, the Saint Francis' cross and crux commissa.
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Kells in County Meath is not only famed for its association with the illuminated manuscript, the Book of Kells, which is now on exhibit in Trinity College Dublin, the town is also home to a collection of five high crosses: Also known as the Crusader's Cross. A large cross with a smaller cross in each of its angles. It was used as a symbol of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Muiredach Cross has an inscription which translates to “a prayer for Muiredach who had this cross made” and is thought to refer to the abbot of the monastery.
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