ALKANI Industrial Coat Tree Coat Rack Stand, Hat Rack Umbrella Stand Coat Tree, Hall Tree Free Standing, With 6 Beech Wood Hooks, For Clothes, Hat, Bag

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Komisija za nomenklaturu organske kemije. 1971 (treće izdanje). [1958 (A: Ugljikovodici, and B: Kjlučni heterociklički sustavi), 1965 (C: Karakteristične skupine)] Nomenklatura organske kemije 3izdanje. Butterworths. London. ISBN 0-408-70144-7 CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar - origyear ( pomoć); Provjerite vrijednost datuma u parametru: |year= ( pomoć) Ji, Yurui; Mao, Guannan; Wang, Yingying; Bartlam, Mark (2013). "Structural insights into diversity and n-alkane biodegradation mechanisms of alkane hydroxylases". Frontiers in Microbiology. 4: 58. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00058. PMC 3604635. PMID 23519435. Dodjeljivanje brojeva molekuli je bazirano na položaju ketonskih skupina. Kad se broji slijeva nadesno, ketonske skupine su na 3. i 9. ugljiku. Kad se broji zdesna nalijevo, ketonske skupine su na 15. i 21. ugljiku. 3 je manje od 15, pa ketoni imaju brojeve 3 i 9. Uvijek se koristi manji broj, a ne zbroj brojeva konstituenata. Straight-chain alkanes are sometimes indicated by the prefix "n-" or " n-"(for "normal") where a non-linear isomer exists. Although this is not strictly necessary and is not part of the IUPAC naming system, the usage is still common in cases where one wishes to emphasize or distinguish between the straight-chain and branched-chain isomers, e.g., " n-butane" rather than simply "butane" to differentiate it from isobutane. Alternative names for this group used in the petroleum industry are linear paraffins or n-paraffins.

Ogljikove verige nižjih alkanov so linearne, spojine z več kot tremi ogljikovimi atomi pa lahko tvorijo tudi razvejane molekule. Pojav imenujemo skeletna izomerija: Certain types of bacteria can metabolize alkanes: they prefer even-numbered carbon chains as they are easier to degrade than odd-numbered chains. [32] Numeriraju se atomi C, vodeći računa o smjeru brojanja: atomi C koji na sebe imaju vezan neki drugi atom ili skupinu atoma trebaju dobiti što manji mogući broj. Pri tome se atomi vodika ne računaju.

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Z naraščajočim številom ogljikovih atomov se dviguje tudi temperatura vnetišča, zato se alkani z velikim številom ogljikovih atomov zelo težko vnamejo. Če je količina kisika premajhna, nastajata ogljikov monoksid in/ali saje (ogljik): 2CH 4 + 3O 2 → 2CO + 4H 2O CH 4 + O 2 → C + 2H 2O

Blitz, Matt. "Do Cow Farts Actually Contribute to Global Warming?". TodayIFoundOut.com . Retrieved 11 April 2018– via Gizmodo. Dragan and his colleague were the first to report about isomerization in alkanes. [28] Isomerization and reformation are processes in which straight-chain alkanes are heated in the presence of a platinum catalyst. In isomerization, the alkanes become branched-chain isomers. In other words, it does not lose any carbons or hydrogens, keeping the same molecular weight. [28] In reformation, the alkanes become cycloalkanes or aromatic hydrocarbons, giving off hydrogen as a by-product. Both of these processes raise the octane number of the substance. Butane is the most common alkane that is put under the process of isomerization, as it makes many branched alkanes with high octane numbers. [28] Other reactions [ edit ]

Imenovanje razgranatih ugljikovodika

Edible vegetable oils also typically contain small fractions of biogenic alkanes with a wide spectrum of carbon numbers, mainly 8 to 35, usually peaking in the low to upper 20s, with concentrations up to dozens of milligrams per kilogram (parts per million by weight) and sometimes over a hundred for the total alkane fraction. [40] Animals a b William Reusch. "Nomenclature – Alkanes". Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016 . Retrieved 5 April 2007.

Boese R, Weiss HC, Blaser D (1999). "The melting point alternation in the short-chain n-alkanes: Single-crystal X-ray analyses of propane at 30K and of n-butane to n-nonane at 90K". Angew Chem Int Ed. 38: 988–992. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990401)38:7<988::AID-ANIE988>3.3.CO;2-S. IUPAC-ova nomenklatura organske kemije sistematski je način imenovanja organskih kemijskih spojeva prema prijedlogu Međunarodne unije za čistu i primijenjenu kemiju (IUPAC). [1] Objavljen je u knjizi Nomenklatura organske kemije (koja je neslužbeno poznata kao Plava knjiga). U idealnom slučaju, svaki organski spoj trebao bi imati naziv iz kojeg se nedvojbeno može zaključiti strukturna formula. Također postoji i IUPAC-ova nomenklatura anorganske kemije. Alkanes also play a role, if a minor role, in the biology of the three eukaryotic groups of organisms: fungi, plants, and animals. Some specialized yeasts, e.g., Candida tropicale, Pichia sp., Rhodotorula sp., can use alkanes as a source of carbon or energy. The fungus Amorphotheca resinae prefers the longer-chain alkanes in aviation fuel, and can cause serious problems for aircraft in tropical regions. [36]Na drugi atom C vezana su dva atoma broma. Zato pišemo broj 2, ali dva puta (jer su na tom atomu C dva atoma broma), povlaku te "dibrom". Butan se piše na kraju, spojeno s ostatkom naziva (bez povlake). Dakle, naziv ovog alkana prema IUPAC-u je 2,2-dibrombutan. Završno, zbog Cis-trans izomerije, moramo specificirati relativne orijentacije funkcionalnih skupina oko svake dvostruke veze. Za ovaj primjer imamo (6 E,13 E)

Moreda, W.; Perez-Camino, M. C.; Cert, A. (2001). "Gas and liquid chromatography of hydrocarbons in edible vegetable oils". Journal of Chromatography A. 936 (1–2): 159–171. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01222-5. PMID 11760997.Napomena: Ovi sufiksi, u kojima je ugljični atom dio glavnog lanca, su najčešći. Pogledajte članke o individualnim funkcijskim skupinama za više detalja. Nomenklatura trivijalnih imena [ uredi | uredi kôd ] IUPAC-ova nomenklatura organske kemije Buczkowski, Grzegorz; Bertelsmeier, Cleo (15 January 2017). "Invasive termites in a changing climate: A global perspective". Ecology and Evolution. 7 (3): 974–985. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2674. PMC 5288252. PMID 28168033. Propan in butan se utekočinita pri nižjih tlakih in sobni temperaturi in sta znana kot utekočinjeni naftni plin ali gospodinjski plin. Propan se uporablja v glavnem za ogrevanje, butan tudi za polnjenje plinskih vžigalnikov za enkratno uporabo, oba pa kot potisni plin v pršilih.