Words for the Heart: A Treasury of Emotions from Classical India

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Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume) in one minute. This is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (SV) by the beats per minute of the heart rate (HR). So that: CO = SV x HR. [7] Ladd, Prosser C (1991). Comparative Animal Physiology, Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology. John Wiley & Sons. pp.537–. ISBN 978-0-471-85767-9. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016.

Heart tissue, like all cells in the body, needs to be supplied with oxygen, nutrients and a way of removing metabolic wastes. This is achieved by the coronary circulation, which includes arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. Blood flow through the coronary vessels occurs in peaks and troughs relating to the heart muscle's relaxation or contraction. [7] The right heart consists of two chambers, the right atrium and the right ventricle, separated by a valve, the tricuspid valve. [7] Adult amphibians and most reptiles have a double circulatory system, meaning a circulatory system divided into arterial and venous parts. However, the heart itself is not completely separated into two sides. Instead, it is separated into three chambers—two atria and one ventricle. Blood returning from both the systemic circulation and the lungs is returned, and blood is pumped simultaneously into the systemic circulation and the lungs. The double system allows blood to circulate to and from the lungs which deliver oxygenated blood directly to the heart. [147] circulation (say: ser-kyuh-L AY-shun) :The movement of the blood through the heart and around the body is called circulation. Your heart is really good at it — it takes less than 60 seconds to pump blood to every cell in your body. Primitive fish have a four-chambered heart, but the chambers are arranged sequentially so that this primitive heart is quite unlike the four-chambered hearts of mammals and birds. The first chamber is the sinus venosus, which collects deoxygenated blood from the body through the hepatic and cardinal veins. From here, blood flows into the atrium and then to the powerful muscular ventricle where the main pumping action will take place. The fourth and final chamber is the conus arteriosus, which contains several valves and sends blood to the ventral aorta. The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the dorsal aorta, into the rest of the body. (In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary artery). [145]echocardiogram (say: eh-ko-KAR-dee-uh-gram) :An echocardiogram test uses sound waves to diagnose heart problems. These waves are bounced off the parts of the heart, creating a picture of the heart that is displayed on a monitor. Getting an echocardiogram doesn't hurt at all. a b c d e Ponikowski, Piotr; Voors, Adriaan A.; Anker, Stefan D.; Bueno, Héctor; Cleland, John G. F.; Coats, Andrew J. S.; Falk, Volkmar; González-Juanatey, José Ramón; Harjola, Veli-Pekka (August 2016). "2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC" (PDF). European Journal of Heart Failure. 18 (8): 891–975. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.592. hdl: 2434/427148. ISSN 1879-0844. PMID 27207191. S2CID 221675744. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2020 . Retrieved 24 September 2019. The cardiac output is normalized to body size through body surface area and is called the cardiac index. But the things that come out of the mouth come from the heart, and these are the things that make you ritually unclean. Your Heart Failure Healthcare Team". www.heart.org. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016 . Retrieved 9 March 2016.

In Catholicism, there has been a long tradition of veneration of the heart, stemming from worship of the wounds of Jesus Christ which gained prominence from the mid sixteenth century. [126] This tradition influenced the development of the medieval Christian devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the parallel veneration of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, made popular by John Eudes. [127] There are also many references to the heart in the Christian Bible, including "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God", [128] "Above all else, guard your heart, for everything you do flows from it", [129] "For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also", [130] "For as a man thinks in his heart, so shall he be." [131] Bible Gateway passage: Proverbs 4:23 - New International Version". Bible Gateway . Retrieved 19 December 2022. Schipp, R., von Boletzky, S., Jakobs, P. et al. A congenital malformation of the systemic heart complex inSepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda). Helgoländer Meeresunters. 52, 29–40 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908733Michelakis, E. D. (19 June 2014). "Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow". Circulation Research. 115 (1): 109–114. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.301132. PMID 24951761. a b Grimm, Kurt A.; Lamont, Leigh A.; Tranquilli, William J.; Greene, Stephen A.; Robertson, Sheilah A. (2015). Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. John Wiley & Sons. p.418. ISBN 978-1-118-52620-0. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. The expression of a broken heart is a cross-cultural reference to grief for a lost one or to unfulfilled romantic love. atrioventricular (say: AY-tree-oh-ven-TRIK-yoo-lar) canal defect:This defect — also known as endocardial cushion defect or atrioventricular septal defect — is caused by a poorly formed central area of the heart. Typically there is a large hole between the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) and, often, an additional hole between the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). Instead of two separate valves allowing flow into the heart, there is one large common valve that might be quite malformed.

arrhythmia (say: uh -RITH-mee-uh) : An arrhythmia is an abnormal heartbeat usually caused by an electrical "short circuit" in the heart. It can cause the heart to pump too fast, too slow, or irregularly, which may lead to shortness of breath, dizziness, and chest pain. Bianco, Carl (April 2000). "How Your Heart Works". HowStuffWorks. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016 . Retrieved 14 August 2016. Katz, A. M. (1 May 2008). "The "Modern" View of Heart Failure: How Did We Get Here?". Circulation: Heart Failure. 1 (1): 63–71. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.772756. PMID 19808272. Preload refers to the filling pressure of the atria at the end of diastole, when the ventricles are at their fullest. A main factor is how long it takes the ventricles to fill: if the ventricles contract more frequently, then there is less time to fill and the preload will be less. [7] Preload can also be affected by a person's blood volume. The force of each contraction of the heart muscle is proportional to the preload, described as the Frank-Starling mechanism. This states that the force of contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of muscle fiber, meaning a ventricle will contract more forcefully, the more it is stretched. [7] [41]But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and they defile the man. Main article: Cardiac physiology Blood flow Blood flow through the valves Blood flow through the heart Video explanation of blood flow through the heart