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USB On-The-Go (OTG) introduces the concept of a device performing both host and device roles. All current OTG devices are required to have one, and only one, USB connector: a Micro-AB receptacle. (In the past, before the development of Micro-USB, On-The-Go devices used Mini-AB receptacles.) Mobile phones to adopt new, smaller USB connector" (PDF) (Press release). USB Implementers Forum. 4 January 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2007 . Retrieved 8 January 2007. a b "USB 2.0 Specification Engineering Change Notice (ECN) #1: Mini-B connector" (PDF). October 20, 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2015 . Retrieved April 28, 2019– via www.usb.org.
a b Universal Serial Bus Cables and Connectors Class Document (PDF), Revision 2.0, USB Implementers Forum, August 2007, p.6, archived (PDF) from the original on April 27, 2015 , retrieved August 17, 2014 a b c "10 Power Rules", Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification revision3.1, version1.0, USB Implementers Forum , retrieved September 5, 2017 By design, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification requires that the cable plug and receptacle be marked so the user can recognize the proper orientation. [1] The USB-C plug however is reversible. USB cables and small USB devices are held in place by the gripping force from the receptacle, with no screws, clips, or thumb-turns as other connectors use. In May 2021, the USB PD promoter group launched revision 3.1 of the specification. [58] Revision 3.1 adds Extended Power Range (EPR) mode which allows higher voltages of 28, 36, and 48 V, providing up to 240 W of power (48 V at 5 A), and the "Adjustable Voltage Supply" (AVS) protocol which allows specifying the voltage from a range of 15 to 48 V in 100 mV steps. [71] [72] Higher voltages require electronically marked EPR cables that support 5 A operation and incorporate mechanical improvements required by the USB Type-C standard rev. 2.1; existing power modes are retroactively renamed Standard Power Range (SPR). In October 2021 Apple introduced a 140 W (28 V 5 A) GaN USB PD charger with new Macbooks. [73] Universal Serial Bus Revision 3.0 Specification, Sections 3.1.1.1 and 5.3.1.3". Usb.org. Archived from the original (ZIP) on 19 May 2014 . Retrieved 28 April 2019.The three sizes of USB connectors are the default, or standard, format intended for desktop or portable equipment, the mini intended for mobile equipment, which was deprecated when it was replaced by the thinner micro size, all of which were deprecated in USB 3.2 in favor of Type-C. There are five speeds for USB data transfer: Low Speed, Full Speed, High Speed (from version 2.0 of the specification), SuperSpeed (from version 3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (from version 3.1). The modes have differing hardware and cabling requirements. USB devices have some choice of implemented modes, and USB version is not a reliable statement of implemented modes. Modes are identified by their names and icons, and the specification suggests that plugs and receptacles be color-coded (SuperSpeed is identified by blue).
Micro-USB was endorsed as the standard connector for data and power on mobile devices by the cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP) in 2007. [17] Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one input of which is for power and data transfer, the other solely for power, which makes the device a non-standard USB device. Some USB ports and external hubs can, in practice, supply more power to USB devices than required by the specification but a standard-compliant device may not depend on this. Connector properties [ edit ] Non-standard "USB extension cable", plug on the left, receptacle on the right. (USB does not allow extension cables. Non-standard cables may work but cannot be presumed reliable.) The maximum allowed cross-section of the overmold boot (which is part of the connector used for its handling) is 16 by 8mm (0.63 by 0.31in) for the Standard-A plug type, while for the Type-B it is 11.5 by 10.5mm (0.45 by 0.41in). [2] Mini connectors [ edit ] Mini-A (left) and Mini-B (right) plugs Pros Seem to Outdo Cons in New Phone Charger Standard". News.com. September 20, 2007 . Retrieved November 26, 2007.
Toshiba NB200 User Manual" (PDF). UK. 1 March 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2014 . Retrieved 26 January 2014. So Standard A Male to Mini B Male cables are for use from a Standard Host, to a Mini Peripheral. I.E. Your PC to a Cell phone. Hill, Simon; Revilla, Andre; Chandler, Simon (July 1, 2021). "How does fast charging work? Here's every single standard compared". Digital Trends . Retrieved August 20, 2022. The 24-pin double-sided connector provides four power–ground pairs, two differential pairs for USB2.0 data (though only one pair is implemented in a USB-C cable), four pairs for SuperSpeed data bus (only two pairs are used in USB 3.1 mode), two "sideband use" pins, V CONN +5V power for active cables, and a configuration pin for cable orientation detection and dedicated biphase mark code (BMC) configuration data channel. [27] [28] Type-A and Type-B adaptors and cables are required for older hosts and devices to plug into USB-C hosts and devices. Adapters and cables with a USB-C receptacle are not allowed. [29]
While newer USB standards have gained popularity, mini USB cables continue to be used for specific devices like older sat nav systems and radio scanners. Their compact design and compatibility make them a convenient choice for powering and connecting these devices, ensuring their smooth operation and functionality.
Micro-USB was embraced as the "Universal Charging Solution" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in October 2009. [18]
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