Unfolding Stakeholder Thinking: Theory, Responsibility and Engagement

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Security threats on Android are reportedly growing exponentially; however, Google engineers have argued that the malware and virus threat on Android is being exaggerated by security companies for commercial reasons, [244] [245] and have accused the security industry of playing on fears to sell virus protection software to users. of Android phones in use had known but unpatched security vulnerabilities due to lack of updates and support. Mike Chan, co-founder of phone maker Nextbit and former Android developer, said that "The best way to solve this problem is a massive re-architecture of the operating system", "or Google could invest in training manufacturers and carriers 'to be good Android citizens '". The issue stems from the fact that many apps request permissions to access users' personal information (even if this information is not needed for the app to function) and some users unquestionably grant these permissions.

Libraries written in C may also be used in applications by injection of a small shim and usage of the JNI. For example, Samsung has worked with General Dynamics through their Open Kernel Labs acquisition to rebuild Jelly Bean on top of their hardened microvisor for the "Knox" project. Furthermore, in a comment to TechCrunch, Ludwig stated that the wait time for security updates had been reduced from "six to nine weeks down to just a few days", with 78% of flagship devices in North America being up-to-date on security at the end of 2016. In addition to their availability on commercially available hardware, similar PC hardware-friendly versions of Android are freely available from the Android-x86 project, including customized Android 4.In response, Google submitted multiple lines of defense, counterclaiming that Android did not infringe on Oracle's patents or copyright, that Oracle's patents were invalid, and several other defenses. Since Android devices are usually battery-powered, Android is designed to manage processes to keep power consumption at a minimum. There are many other uses for a TEE such as mobile payments, secure banking, full-disk encryption, multi-factor authentication, device reset protection, replay-protected persistent storage, wireless display ("cast") of protected content, secure PIN and fingerprint processing, and even malware detection. Hiroshi Lockheimer, the Android lead, admitted that "It's not an ideal situation", further commenting that the lack of updates is "the weakest link on security on Android". These established players were skeptical: Nokia was quoted as saying "we don't see this as a threat", and a member of Microsoft's Windows Mobile team stated "I don't understand the impact that they are going to have.

Google introduced the Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones in October 2016, marketed as being the first phones made by Google, [63] [64] and exclusively featured certain software features, such as the Google Assistant, before wider rollout. Android smartphones have the ability to report the location of Wi-Fi access points, encountered as phone users move around, to build databases containing the physical locations of hundreds of millions of such access points. It is not possible, for example, to turn off the microphone access of the pre-installed camera app without disabling the camera completely.

Google's Sundar Pichai, who led the development of Android, explained that "mobi As of 2015, [update] Android has the largest installed base of all operating systems; [21] Since 2013, devices running it also sell more than Windows, iOS and Mac OS X devices combined. billion, which was viewed in part as a defensive measure to protect Android, since Motorola Mobility held more than 17,000 patents. Android has another operating system, Trusty OS, within it, as a part of "Trusty" "software components supporting a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) on mobile devices.