NiQuitin 14 mg Nicotine Patch - Step 2 - Stop Smoking Aid Therapy - 7 Clear Patches for 1 Weeks Treatment - 24h Craving Control - Invisible Nicotine Patches, 7 Count (Pack of 1)

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Nicotine-containing products are sometimes used for the performance-enhancing effects of nicotine on cognition. [57] A 2010 meta-analysis of 41 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies concluded that nicotine or smoking had significant positive effects on aspects of fine motor abilities, alerting and orienting attention, and episodic and working memory. [58] A 2015 review noted that stimulation of the α4β2 nicotinic receptor is responsible for certain improvements in attentional performance; [59] among the nicotinic receptor subtypes, nicotine has the highest binding affinity at the α4β2 receptor (k i=1 nM), which is also the biological target that mediates nicotine's addictive properties. [60] Nicotine has potential beneficial effects, but it also has paradoxical effects, which may be due to the inverted U-shape of the dose-response curve or pharmacokinetic features. [61] Recreational [ edit ]

Perkins KA, Karelitz JL (August 2013). "Reinforcement enhancing effects of nicotine via smoking". Psychopharmacology. 228 (3): 479–86. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3054-4. PMC 3707934. PMID 23494236. Nicotine is highly addictive. [19] [20] Its addictiveness depends on how it is administered. [23] Animal research suggests that monoamine oxidase inhibitors in tobacco smoke may enhance its addictiveness. [25] [26] Nicotine dependence involves aspects of both psychological dependence and physical dependence, since discontinuation of extended use has been shown to produce both affective (e.g., anxiety, irritability, craving, anhedonia) and somatic (mild motor dysfunctions such as tremor) withdrawal symptoms. [1] Withdrawal symptoms peak in one to three days [93] and can persist for several weeks. [94] Some people experience symptoms for 6 months or longer. [95]Seek advice before using if you are breast feeding, pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or suffer from allergies. The length of time your step-down program should be depends on how many cigarettes you currently smoke. If you currently smoke 10 or more cigarettes a day, we recommend our 10 week program, starting with a 21mg nicotine patch. If you smoke less than 10 cigarettes a day, we recommend our 8 week program which starts with our 14mg nicotine patch. a b Nestler EJ (December 2013). "Cellular basis of memory for addiction". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 15 (4): 431–43. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.4/enestler. PMC 3898681. PMID 24459410. Hollinger MA (19 October 2007). Introduction to Pharmacology (Thirded.). Abingdon: CRC Press. pp.222–223. ISBN 978-1-4200-4742-4.

Royal College of Physicians. "Nicotine Without Smoke -- Tobacco Harm Reduction". p.125 . Retrieved 30 September 2020. Use of nicotine alone, in the doses used by smokers, represents little if any hazard to the user. Dugas EN, Sylvestre MP, O'Loughlin EK, Brunet J, Kakinami L, Constantin E, O'Loughlin J (February 2017). "Nicotine dependence and sleep quality in young adults". Addictive Behaviors. 65: 154–160. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.020. PMID 27816041. Nicotine and cigarette smoke both induce the expression of liver enzymes (e.g., certain cytochrome P450 proteins) which metabolize drugs, leading to the potential for alterations in drug metabolism. [75] Abou-Donia M (5 February 2015). Mammalian Toxicology. John Wiley & Sons. pp.587–. ISBN 978-1-118-68285-2. a b "Nicotine". European Chemicals Agency: Committee for Risk Assessment. September 2015 . Retrieved 23 January 2019.Jain R, Mukherjee K, Balhara YP (April 2008). "The role of NMDA receptor antagonists in nicotine tolerance, sensitization, and physical dependence: a preclinical review". Yonsei Medical Journal. 49 (2): 175–88. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2008.49.2.175. PMC 2615322. PMID 18452252. The primary way nicotine patches vary from one another is in dosage. Step 1 nicotine patches deliver 21 milligrams of nicotine, Step 2 nicotine patches deliver 14 milligrams of nicotine, and Step 3 patches deliver 7 milligrams of nicotine. These doses are typically released little by little over a 24-hour period. And the dose you should opt for will vary, based on your smoking history and where you are in your quitting program. Peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia (i.e., fast heart rate), elevated blood pressure, increased alertness and cognitive performance. Kohlmeier KA (June 2015). "Nicotine during pregnancy: changes induced in neurotransmission, which could heighten proclivity to addict and induce maladaptive control of attention". Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 6 (3): 169–81. doi: 10.1017/S2040174414000531. PMID 25385318. S2CID 29298949.

Lavoie FW, Harris TM (1991). "Fatal nicotine ingestion". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 9 (3): 133–136. doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(91)90318-a. PMID 2050970. a b c Siqueira LM (January 2017). "Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents". Pediatrics. 139 (1): e20163436. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3436. PMID 27994114. Possible alteration of nicotine absorption through the nasal cavity from the nicotine nasal spray by nasal vasoconstrictors (e.g., xylometazoline). [75]a b c Bailey SR, Crew EE, Riske EC, Ammerman S, Robinson TN, Killen JD (April 2012). "Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacotherapies to aid smoking cessation in adolescents". Paediatric Drugs. 14 (2): 91–108. doi: 10.2165/11594370-000000000-00000. PMC 3319092. PMID 22248234.