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Wild Harbour

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Suuronen P, Chopin F, Glass C, Løkkeborg S, Matsushita Y, Queirolo D, et al. Low impact and fuel efficient fishing—Looking beyond the horizon. Fish Res. 2012;119–120: 135–146. Previous studies have investigated the reaction of harbour porpoises to nets, demonstrating that both captive [ 48] and wild harbour porpoises [ 34] will avoid nets in a short distance (<100 m). In contrast, the current study shows active foraging activity by harbour porpoises around a bottom-gillnet, while the detection range may be larger than 100m. The behaviour of porpoises is best observed under actual circumstances where bycatches are occurring because environmental factors such as prey availability affect the seasonal and diel occurrence of cetaceans [ 45]. Additional studies at actual fishery grounds are needed to determine the factors governing the incidence of bycatch. Furthermore, it is important to recognise the environmental conditions that affect the behaviour of porpoises, particularly prey distributions and movements. Continuing the British Library’s Classic Science Fiction series, we see the re-release of Wild Harbour from Scottish writer Ian Macpherson (1905 – 1944). It follows the journey of pacifist couple Terry and Hugh who, in the ever-growing threat of war coming to the UK, abandon civilisation altogether and take to living in a cave away from the rest of the world. Amidst the foraging for food and simple lifestyle, Terry and Hugh find solace. However, as the threat of war grows closer, can the couple continue with their own personal utopia? Sørensen, T. B. & Kinze, C. C. Reproduction and reproductive seasonality in Danish harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena. Ophelia 39(3), 159–176 (1994).

Wright, A. J. et al. Possible causes of a harbour porpoise mass stranding in Danish waters in 2005. PLoS ONE 8, e55553 (2013). Tougaard, J. & Beedholm, K. Practical implementation of auditory time and frequency weighting in marine bioacoustics. Appl. Acoust. 145, 137–143 (2019).To explore if our results were heavily biased by tagging effects, we also exposed un-tagged porpoises monitored with a drone-mounted camera. Here, in the one successful exposure trial, a small group of un-tagged porpoises responded similarly to the tagged porpoises (Fig. 2f, Suppl. Video SV1). The focal porpoise swam away from the sound source at travel speeds (2.5 m s −1 during the 5-min period) comparable to or higher than those during exposure from the tagging study (1.4–2.5 m s −1, Fig. 2a–d). This suggests that the flight behaviour in response to AHDs is not a result of tagging-induced sensitisation. The focal porpoise had a calf and its sensitivity to disturbance might thus have been increased. On the other hand, in a study where drone-observed porpoises were exposed to pingers, an adult with a calf had similar responses and swimming speeds to a single adult porpoise 54. What is evident from both exposure of tagged and untagged animals is that every individual responded to the AHD. Moreover, these findings are overall in accordance with observations of porpoise deterrence due to AHDs 5, 6. Villadsgaard A, Wahlberg M, Tougaard J. Echolocation signals of wild harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena. J Exp Biol. 2007;210: 56–64. pmid:17170148 Dawson, S. M. C. and Communication: The behavioural and social contexts of Hector’s Dolphin vocalisations. Ethology 88, 265–276 (1991). Teilmann, J. et al. Reactions of captive harbor porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena) to pinger-like sounds. Mar. Mammal Sci. 22, 240–260 (2006). Recordings were made 15 m from the porpoise pen of Fjord&Bælt facility in Kerteminde, Denmark. At the time of the study, this facility kept two adult female harbour porpoises in captivity for research and educational purposes. Both animals were wild-born and brought to the facility after getting accidentally caught in demersal nets in 1997 (porpoise named Freja) and 2004 (porpoise named Sif). The porpoises are kept in a 30 × 20 m pen with large-meshed nets keeping the animals in ambient water conditions year round. The animals receive food during several daily training sessions using positive reinforcement. Specialised caretakers regularly monitor their health, behaviour, and general well-being. The animals are held at the Fjord&Bælt under permit J.nr. SVANA-610-00084, Ministry of Environment and Food, Denmark. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study did not directly involve the animals and used passive monitoring instead, thus no additional permits were required. Data collection

Macpherson’s only science fiction novel is a bleak and truly prescient novel of future war first published in 1936, just 3 years before the outbreak of conflict in Europe. A carefully drawn tale of survival in the wilderness and the value of our connection with others, Wild Harbour is both beautiful and heart-rending. Carstensen, J., Henriksen, O. D. & Teilmann, J. Impacts of offshore wind farm construction on harbour porpoises: acoustic monitoring of echolocation activity using porpoise detectors (T-Pods). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 321, 295–308 (2006). The respiration rate was unchanged in two animals, while the four others changed respiration in different ways during exposure compared to the 15 min before exposure, ranging from a 15% decrease (HP4, from 3.9 to 3.3 min −1) to 31% increase (HP3, from 3.2 to 4.2 min −1) (Tables 2, S1). Received level and effect distances To provide important information of the fine-scale individual behavioural and physiological responses to AHDs, we exposed porpoises that had recently been bycaught, shortly handled and tagged with suction cup archival sound and movement tags. The goal for a tagging study is to achieve and use data that are un- or minimally affected by the tagging to represent the investigated behaviour and physiology as naturally as possible.Read AJ, Drinker P, Northridge S. Bycatch of marine mammals in U.S. and global fisheries. Conserv Biol. 2006;20: 163–169. pmid:16909669 Siebert, U., Jepson, P. D. & Wohlsein, P. First indication of gas embolism in a harbour porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena) from German waters. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 59, 441–444 (2013). The handling, tagging and acoustic exposure of harbour porpoises was performed in accordance with the Danish law. The specific permissions were evaluated and issued by the Environmental Protection Agency under Ministry of Environment of Denmark (permission number SVANA-610-00118, https://eng.mst.dk/) and by The Animal Experiments Inspectorate under Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark (permission number 2015‐15‐0201‐00549, https://en.dyreforsoegstilsynet.dk/). The handlers of the porpoises had FELASA certification (Federaton of Europoean Laboratory Animal Science Association, category B). Tags Larsen, F. & Eigaard, O. R. Acoustic alarms reduce bycatch of harbour porpoises in Danish North Sea gillnet fisheries. Fish. Res. 153, 108–112 (2014).

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